You can write C code in a text editor as you wish without compiling it.
This is not recommendable but can be done.
It is like writing a book without publishing it.
As long as you do not compile your code, you will have no executable program and so no game or other useful program.
The difference with writing a book is, that you can finish your story completely without publishing it, while in programming this is not the case : a long program listing without being tested ever, will contain HUNDREDS of faults, no matter how good you are.
So the way of working you suggest is not recommendable, but it is not impossible.
If you still want to do it that way, you must pay attention to :
- type errors
- syntactic errors, therefore you need to know your programming language very well
- wrong reasoning faults : faults in your pseudo-code yield faults in your final code because the algorithms are incorrect; you can only prevent these by thinking very thoroughly before writing and by experience and to gain experience you need to compile
Annoying faults are often :
- forgetting to initialise variables : hard to detect and debug cause the program shows undetermined behaviour cause an uninitialised variable gets a kind of random value on startup
- memory leaks : your program crashes because of these
So you could think about your project and write your book, why not ? It is good to have a plan and it is the first step of becoming a good programmer. The first program i wrote, i designed it completely on paper, cause i had no computer. Then i gave it to a friend of mine to type it in his computer and of course he got nothing but errors, but it was a beginning !