What assembly language does mictosoft use in windows?

Question

I am getting into os development. I tried nasm but i am wondering what assembly does microsoft use to write the boot and other asm programs of windows xp, 7, 8?

Answer 1

They use ML, I believe. It used to be sold separately, but that was a long time ago. They still offer an older version under a MSDN membership higher than 'professional', but it's not what they currently use. If you download Visual Studio 2010 or 2012, you should be able to find ML.EXE underneath their VC/bin directory in the install directory (usually c:\program files (x86)\Microsoft visual Studio xx.0.)



For example, I get this when I run the one under 11.0:



    C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\VC\bin>ml

    Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 11.00.60315.1

    Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.



    usage: ML [ options ] filelist [ /link linkoptions]

    Run "ML /help" or "ML /?" for more info



    C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\VC\bin>



ML supports protected modes, 32 and 64 bit modes, and flat models as well as the usual segmented models. It also supports (or did) specialized AMD instructions. It's been awhile since I used to write x86 operating system code, though. So I don't know if Microsoft keeps a special copy of their assembler privately and doesn't release it at all, anymore.



It's not used as much as you may think, though. A lot of the development occurs in other languages.



One of the bigger problems you have ahead of you, if you are looking to do operating system coding for the PC workstation, is to fully apprehend the entire Intel architecture. It's very complicated and includes the ability to update the CPU microstore (a secure process is involved there.) There is the various power modes (which the CPU powers up into, but the BIOS will isolate you from if you don't know how to defeat it), as well as protected mode. There is no real mode anymore, though the CPU emulates one using specialized protected mode settings. There's a lot to learn about setting up DRAM (sizing it and configuring the chipset to operate it), the many buses, inbound and outbound queues, read-around-writes, the MTRRs, and so on. It is a massive study. I did chipset testing for Intel and I can assure you there is a lot to study. Some of it not published by Intel, by the way. Oh, and pay some attention to the BIOS, as well. Did you know you can boot code into ram and execute it through the keyboard interface?



Enjoy.

Answer 2

The best way is to download Ccleaner here http://bitly.com/UrALrK



Or you can go on Windows operating system locate the command prompt and go there to do the following:

Create a Recovery file of system and date it today.



Then begin by;

delete the 'Temp' folders..they have hidden subfolders so you need to set the attributes in order to bypass this. For each subfolder delete all cookies and rubbish left behnd after install-uninstalled programs. Do a 'dir' command to check your progress. Make sure the 'Temp' file is empty.



goto c:\windows\prefetch and delete everything in there..no exceptions



goto c:\windows folder and delete all the '$' files that have been installed by updates. They can all be succesfully deleted and just take up disk space.



Locate the Internet Temporary Files..Check to see how high the saving level is..some have it set at 30 days..but that stores faaaar tooo much data..though it slows down the system overal. Keep this to a minimum..suggest 2 or 5 at most.



Delete all 'cookies' all those you don't need.



Locate the windows directory and go through the folders you know and those you don't need. Check this once a week at least. Some programs will install under XP as NT and older systems where there is no check of systems weight.



Check to see that system files have not changed since last booting. Things like .ini files or .bat are important items.





Check for 'Hidden Directories' all over the disk...do this at the command prompt:



dir *.* /ah wil show these hidden directories



Check the 'dir' command for all parameters

Answer 3

Assembly language is a assembly language. You write it in hexadecimal code. Nothing else. You then need to learn EVERY detail of I/O communication. That starts with BIOS and CPU, and works through hard drives, external connections like USB, keyboard and mouse. ALL these need to be controllable from assembly code. Then once the machine starts you pass control to the rest of the operating system, which is generally written in C or a derivative. You will then need to write the drivers for EVERY piece of hardware it might ever be used from, nobody else will write any until your system i established. Considering the whole Microsoft team of thousands takes about 7 years to develop an operating system which does not work properly like Windows 8, and you obviously have no real grasp on any of it from this question, I would imagine about 20 years to develop it.

Answer 4

I think you misunderstand the way assembly works...



The language used is dependent on the type of CPU architecture used within the PC... This is why windows distribute a 32-bit and a 64-bit version of their OS.



The main ones are:



32-bit:

80x86



64-bit:

AMD - AMD64 (previously x86-64)

Intel - EMT64 (previously IA-32e)





The main difference between the two being additional registers in the 64-bit architecture compared to the 32-bit.





Hope this helps!

.

Answer 5

Sorry, DrDave, however a decompiler interprets object code into human-readable, extra-or-less excessive-degree language. That is similar to however extra subtle than a disassembler, which interprets object code into assembly language. C compilers traditionally output meeting language, which is then assembled to provide executable object code.

Answer 6

Hi,

You can speed up your pc and get rid of viruses, worms and trojans by cleaning up your register. A good free program is CCleaner. Link here http://j.mp/UrAK7a

Check it out.

Cheers.

Answer 7

.net,c are mostly used