How programming languages are designed?I mean how are they actually created.?

Question

I don't understand how these programming languages are designed.

Answer 1

Programming languages came to be through evolution. Initially, a computer accepted instructions as a series of 0/1 codes. There's a lower level, of voltages and currents, but this not important to understand initially how it works.



People found that these 0/1 codes are hard to remember. So they created 3/4 letter words for them. (such as MOV, ADD, DIV, etc) They believed it was better to work with these, and let an automated computer program handle converting these words to 0/1 sequences.



People then developed various higher level languages such as Fortran, Pascal, Basic, Cobol, smalltalk, etc. They believed those MOV and ADD were still too hard to work with. They wanted to get as close to a human language while maintaining a syntax that could be parsed. During their development various ideas, concepts, and constructs were developed. Good ideas were used in other programming.



It was an evolutionary process of trial and error. People came up with various ideas and the good ideas survived, while the bad were learned from and never used again.



They are created by individuals using existing programming languages. These individuals find that this language is no good for this task, or they disagree with how the language was designed, or they got new ideas they want to add to the language, and then decide to create a new programming language.



Hundreds of programming languages have been developed. The problem with this was that different people were using different languages and they couldn't work together. Certain languages became popular, while the others never caught on.



Also, when a programming language becomes popular (such as C++), strict standards are developed by standards organizations such as International Standards Organization, ANSI, NIST, etc. for these programming language so a consistent robust standard exists. Then companies that produce programs that parse and convert to 0/1 sequences for the computer (compiler programs) are required to conform to these standards.



Furthermore, different languages were developed for different purposes. Certain languages were developed to be interpreted instead of converted to 0/1 sequences. The internet brought about new technologies and programming languages or code.



To create a new programming language. You first have to design it. You define the keywords, the syntax, operators, etc. You may revise this later. Then you develop a computer program called a compiler or an interpreter. The purpose of the compiler is to read code for this new language, parsing it and converted it to machine code (0/1 sequences) that the computer understands. Then you produce documentation and destribute it with your compiler or interpreter. Then people are available to produce computer programs with your new programming language by using your compiler.



The interpreter works differently by reading code, parsing it, and then taking action on the code. The interpreter is really the program running on the computer. It's like any other program, but instead of it acting on keys being pressed on the keyboard or mouse clicks it acts on the code that has been read, parsed, and interpreted.

Answer 2

Programming languages, like natural languages, are defined by syntactic and semantic rules which describe their structure and meaning respectively. Many programming languages have some form of written specification of their syntax and semantics; some are defined only by an official implementation.



A prominent purpose of programming languages is to provide instructions to a computer.





As you Know Computer processor only understands binary(HEXA)



Instructions are certain patternt of Hexadecimal which tells processor to do that particular Task.



In broad strokes, programming languages divide into programming paradigms and a classification by intended domain of use. Paradigms include procedural programming, object-oriented programming, functional programming, and logic programming; some languages are hybrids of paradigms or multi-paradigmatic.



You can have better idea ,how these languages been designed and created if you .........go through various generations of programming languages



A first-generation programming language is a machine-level programming language.



Originally, no translator was used to compile or assemble the first-generation language. The first-generation programming instructions were entered through the front panel switches of the computer system.



A second-generation programming language is a term usually used to refer to some form of assembly language, which were first introduced in the 1950s.



Unlike first-generation programming languages, the code can be read and written fairly easily by a human, but it must be converted into a machine readable form in order to run on a computer. The conversion process is simply a one-to-one mapping of the assembly language mnemonics into binary machine code (the first-generation language), each known as an opcode.



A third-generation language (3GL) is a programming language designed to be easier for a human to understand, including things like named variables, abstract data types, and algebraic expression syntax. Another crucial difference compared to second-generation programming languages was abstraction away from the underlying processor.



A fourth-generation programming language (1970s-1990) (abbreviated 4GL) is a programming language or programming environment designed with a specific purpose in mind, such as the development of commercial business software. In the evolution of computing, the 4GL followed the 3GL in an upward trend toward higher abstraction and statement power.All 4GLs are designed to reduce programming effort, the time it takes to develop software, and the cost of software development





A fifth-generation programming language (abbreviated 5GL) is a programming language based around solving problems using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer. Most constraint-based and logic programming languages and some declarative languages are fifth-generation languages.



For better understanding pls do go through all at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=programming+language+generation&sourceid=mozilla-search





hope this will help

Cheers:)

Answer 3

They are designed in default languages that the processor manufacturer designed by introducing chemicals with electrical charges to the processor in order to do something. To design a programming language, someone would have to use a low-code that interacts directly with the processor such as assembly. I have worked 8 years for INTEL corporation and I designed one of the codes.

Answer 4

all codes used be numbers and now is commands that are partial words an example of HTML code for adding a picture to a web page this would produce a picture thats loaded on your site to appear on the web page. img is short for image src is short for source the name of the photo then the alt is for times when the picture doesnt display or for people who have vision impairment alt means alternative its quite easy really you would benefit by taking a course on it I just learned recently and am still taking free classses online. here is the site Im taking the courses on if your interested http://www.webtechu.com/curriculum.html



Its like learning a language HTML stands for hyper text markup language and is what the browser reads is the code.