Markup Languages- Html(Hypertext Markup Language) and Xhtml (Extensible Html)
Server side scripting Languages- PHP (Hypertext Pre Processor) , Asp (Active Server Pages) and Jsp (Java Server Pages)
Databases language- Sql (Structured Query Language)
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Markup languages are used for creating and displaying web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser.
Html is a Markup Language.
Xhtml is the Extended version of XML(Extensible Markup Lang).
Do not ever think that HTML is a programming language. It is a markup language used for a good web page presentation.
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Server Side Scripting Languages are the Programming languages responsible for the interaction between a user and the website.
Asp And Jsp sounds similar but both are different. Asp are owned by Microsoft and is a type of program that works with Microsoft alongside IIS or Internet Information Server. ASP needs a Microsoft Server for the website to work.Asp uses MS SQL server database which is not free.So designing websites in ASP will cost you some money.Asp can be used only on Windows.
While Jsp is developed by Sun which is acquired recently by Oracle. It uses Java language as the programming language. and accordingly if you know Java then you can easily start creating your website in JSP. It used Apache Tomcat server which is free and a MYSQL database which is free too. So basically designing websites with JSP is cost free.It is platform Independent.
PHP is used to create dynamic websites and If you are a programmer adept with the C++ language, you would probably be more comfortable using PHP than ASP. PHP runs using Linux or Unix server.
PHP programs can also run in Windows, Solaris, Unix and Linux while ASP can only work with Window-based platforms.
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Databases are the back end of a website where information's are stored. There are many databases used. Asp uses Microsoft Sql Server. SO Programming in Asp will Cost you.
Jsp and Php uses MySql which is a free database so programming will not cost you. Sql is the programming language used to write queries in these database software's.
Hope this helps.