To learn the basics of programming, BASIC and Pascal were developed for that purpose. Pascal is a wiser choice since it helps develop better programming practices with much more structure. These languages are "procedural" languages whereas most of the newer languages are "object oriented."
The difference between the language types is significant (procedural vs. object oriented) but learning the basics of programming such as syntax, data types, variables, pointers, functions and procedures and program flow, a procedural language would make the most sense. However, the transition to an object oriented language is another learning curve - where you would need to understand inheritance, classes, methods and events of objects within your application. Delphi (object oriented Pascal) combines the two and would be a good choice to write code that runs on Windows.
If you plan to write code for the Web, you'll need to be familiar with HTML XML, Javascript, PHP and throw in some SQL. (These are considered languages but NOT "programming" languages).
If you're already familiar with HTML, PHP is a good scripting language to learn. To get started, all you need is XAMPP. You can download it for free - it installs Apache web server, MySQL, PHP and Perl on your local Windows machine and you could be writing code in minutes. And, there's more help for PHP on the Internet than any other language.
I hope this helps.. Good luck.