here they are
Definitions:
Variable: provides temporary storage of data.
Data Type: defines the type of data that will be stored in a variable.
VAR Heading: every variable must be assigned a data type and given a unique name. Declaration of variables must be done in the VAR heading section.
Overview of Pascal Data Types:
Name Type of Data Examples
String Holds Text 'New York', 'Evan'
Integer Holds whole numbers 3, 6, 1024
Real Holds Decimal Numbers 3.14, 503.2
Boolean Holds True or False TRUE, FALSE
Character Holds a single character 'A', 'E'
Strings: When declaring a string variable, you usually indicate its maximum length (1- 255). For example, to create a variable called City that can hold up to 25 characters, you would type: city: String[25]; If you do not include a maximum size, the string is given a default maximum size = 255.
Variable Ranges
Data Type Minimum Value Maximum Value
Integer -32,768 32,767
LongInt -2,147,483,648 2,147,487,647
ShortInt -128 128
Real 2.9 x 10 E-39 1.7 x 10 E+38
Rules for Identifier Names
All identifier names, including program names and variable names must follow the following rules:
Must begin with a letter or underscore (_)
Can only contain letters, numbers, or underscore (_)
Cannot contain any blank spaces
Examples of Illegal Identifiers: 2Length, AB*3, Len gth.
Operator Precedence
The following precedence table applies to Real and Integer operators. Parentheses always have the highest priority, and operators of equal priority are always performed left to right.
Priority Operation
First * / DIV MOD
Second + -
For example: To evaluate 4.0 + 6.0 * 3.0, you must follow the precedence table and perform the multiplication first, and the addition second. Hence, evaluating this expression will always give an answer of 22.0. If you want to perform the addition first, you must include the 4.0 + 6.0 within parentheses: (4.0 + 6.0) * 3.0.
Integer Division
7 / 3 = 2.3333, but 2.3333 is not an Integer. Hence, we need a method of doing division that only results in Integer values. For this we use MOD and DIV:
2 <---- Use DIV to get this result: 7 DIV 3 = 2.
_________
3 | 7
6
____
1 Remainder 1 <--- Use MOD to get this result:
7 MOD 3 = 1
Mixed Mode
If you use integers and reals together, integers are automatically converted to reals. For example, if you have the following expression:
Profit := (3.0 * 4.0)/2
the 2 is automatically converted to 2.0 and the result is equal to 6.0.