A simple way is to install Code:Blocks, which is an IDE that comes with a compiler, text editor, as well as numerous other utilities. This will give you everything you need to compile an ordinary C program without having to manually configure an environment yourself. You can get it from here: http://www.codeblocks.org/
Alternatively, if you'd rather set up and configure each program individually, you might look up the following programs:
Compilers: GCC, Clang
Text Editors: GNU Emacs, Vim, Notepad++
Profilers: gprof, Valgrind (massif, cachegrind, callgrind)
Debuggers: Valgrind (memcheck), GDB
Static code analysers: Splint
Build automation tools: GNU Make, BSD Make, CMake, SCons