You can write code for any language using a text editor, such as Noteped on a windows machine or EMacs on a Linux box.
For the code to be usable it has to be compiled or interpreted, which transforms it to machine language.
On linux, the command line compiler gcc can be use to compile C code.
In a Windows environment, Visual Studio is one of many Integrated Development Environments (IDE) that allows you to create and edit an application, and has a build in compiler.
Visual Studio allows you to create applications in Visual Basic, C++, C#, F#, JavaScript,and Python
Eclipse is also a great IDE for creating Java applications. this would also part of the environment you would use to create Android apps.