Syntax Error: It comes up when u use wrong commands or statements..just like if u typed it wrong or a mistake in the statements.
for example as in c/c++
prinf() instead of printf()...see the "t" missing or
for(x ; y , x) instead of for(x ; y ; z)...see the colon missing
Logical error: It is hard to fine as it doesnot appears in the error list. Just for example u typed "x+y" instead of "x-y". The result will change but the program works fine.
Runtime error: It creeps when there is some address voilation or overflow. Consider a statement "x / y"
in the mean time the program runs, "x" gets the value of any integer, just in case say "5" and y gets a value of "0", then this will lead to an arithmetical error and show runtime error.
The program is absolutyely fine but some case makes the value of "y"=0 which creates the runtime error.