Odd. For just using forms-designer user interfaces, there is almost no difference between C# and VB.NET. Either way, you have to dance around with Platform Invoke and shuffling parameters in and out of "unmanaged" code. If you use VB6 forms, though, those are Windows native rather than .NET, so they are closer to your old C than any .NET option. There only forms designer options you have with unmanaged C/C++ is for dialog boxes.
If you already speak C fluently, you have only two things to add to your arsenal to pick up and use C++ effectively: classes and templates...and you don't really need to know that much about templates just to use the templated standard library classes. Lots of working C++ programmers don't either. I mention that because there are a couple of other ways to "go windowed" with your programs using 3rd party toolkits. Qt (pronounced "cute", for some cute reason) comes to mind because it has a free IDE (Qt Creator) for developing cross-platform GUI apps with standard C++ (rather than the "managed" variety that Microsoft requires for .NET apps.)
I see in the Wikipedia entry for Qt, that you can also use it with a number of other languages too. So, maybe I need to take a look at it again...
Qt Home: http://qt.nokia.com/
Other free options include GTK+ and WxWidgets. I don't know of forms-designer tools for these, but I don't know that they don't exist either! GTK+ is written in C, so it may be the most compatible with what you already have.
GTK Home: http://www.gtk.org/
The only thing I know about WxWidgets is that it is one of the "other" GUIs that you can use with Python. (I use tkinter for that, but I don't do a lot of GUI+Python.) It's written in C++ and is self-described as "mature":
WxWidgets Home: http://www.wxwidgets.org/